1．按照清洗精度的要求不同，主要分為一般工業(yè)清洗，精密工業(yè)清洗和超精密工業(yè)清洗三大類(lèi)。

1. According to the different requirements of cleaning accuracy, it can be divided into three categories: general industrial cleaning, precision industrial cleaning and ultra precision industrial cleaning.

一般工業(yè)清洗包括車(chē)輛，輪船、飛機(jī)表面的清洗，一般只能去掉比較粗大的污垢；

General industrial cleaning includes the cleaning of the surface of vehicles, ships and airplanes, which can only remove relatively coarse dirt;

精密工業(yè)清洗包括各種產(chǎn)品加工生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的清洗，各種材料及設(shè)備表面的清洗等，以能夠去除微小的污垢粒子為特點(diǎn)；

Precision industrial cleaning includes the cleaning of various products in the process of production, the cleaning of various materials and equipment surface, etc., which is characterized by the ability to remove tiny dirt particles;

超精密清洗包括精密工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中對(duì)機(jī)械零件、電子元件，光學(xué)部件等的超精密清洗，以極微小污垢顆粒為目的。

Ultra precision cleaning includes the ultra precision cleaning of mechanical parts, electronic components, optical components, etc. in the process of precision industrial production, in order to remove very small dirt particles.

2．根據(jù)清洗方法的不同，也可以分為物理清洗和化學(xué)清洗：利用力學(xué)、聲學(xué)、光學(xué)，電學(xué)、熱學(xué)的原理，依靠外來(lái)能量的作用，如機(jī)械摩擦、超聲波、負(fù)壓、高壓．)中擊。紫外線、蒸汽等去除物體表面污垢的方法叫物理清洗；依靠化學(xué)反應(yīng)的作用，利用化學(xué)藥品或其它溶劑物體表面污垢的方法叫化學(xué)清洗．如用各種無(wú)機(jī)或有機(jī)酸去除物體表面的銹跡、水垢，用氧化劑去除物體表面的色斑，用劑。劑殺滅微生物并去除霉斑等．物理清洗和化學(xué)清洗都存在著各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，又具有很好的互補(bǔ)性。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用過(guò)程中，通常都是把兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)使用，以獲得更好的清洗效果。

2. According to the different cleaning methods, it can also be divided into physical cleaning and chemical cleaning: using the principles of mechanics, acoustics, optics, electricity and heat, relying on the role of external energy, such as mechanical friction, ultrasonic, negative pressure and high pressure. Ultraviolet, steam and other methods to remove surface dirt are called physical cleaning; Depending on the action of chemical reaction, the method of using chemicals or other solvents to remove the dirt on the surface of objects is called chemical cleaning. For example, various inorganic or organic acids are used to remove the rust and scale on the surface of objects, oxidants are used to remove the color spots on the surface of objects, and bactericides are used. Physical cleaning and chemical cleaning have their own advantages and disadvantages, and they are complementary. In the process of practical application, the two are usually combined to obtain better cleaning effect.

3．根據(jù)清洗媒介的不同，又可以分為濕式清洗和干式清洗：一般將在液體介質(zhì)中進(jìn)行的清洗稱(chēng)為濕式清洗，在氣體介質(zhì)中進(jìn)行的清洗稱(chēng)為干式清洗．傳統(tǒng)的清洗方式大多為濕式清洗，而人們比較容易理解的干式清洗也就是吸塵器．但近年來(lái)，干式清洗發(fā)展迅速．如激光清 洗．紫外線清洗，等離子清洗、干冰清洗等，在高。精，尖工業(yè)技術(shù)領(lǐng)域得到快速發(fā)展。

3. According to the different cleaning media, it can be divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning: generally, the cleaning in liquid medium is called wet cleaning, and the cleaning in gas medium is called dry cleaning. The traditional cleaning method is mostly wet cleaning, and the dry cleaning which is easy to understand is vacuum cleaner, Dry cleaning is developing rapidly, such as laser cleaning, ultraviolet cleaning, plasma cleaning, dry ice cleaning, etc. The field of fine and sharp industrial technology has developed rapidly.

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