1、 Work pressure

的工作壓力應(yīng)根據(jù)結(jié)垢性質(zhì)合理選擇。

The working pressure should be reasonably selected based on the nature of scaling.

目前的清洗壓力大致可以分為三類：

The current cleaning pressure can be roughly divided into three categories:

1）低壓（100bar以下）

1) Low pressure (below 100bar)

這種清洗機(jī)壓力通常在100bar以下，水泵大多數(shù)為低壓往復(fù)泵或者是離心泵，清洗對(duì)象一般是污染不太嚴(yán)重的污垢。

The pressure of this type of cleaning machine is usually below 100bar, and most of the water pumps are low-pressure reciprocating pumps or centrifugal pumps. The cleaning object is generally dirt with less severe pollution.

2）高壓（100bar-1000bar）

2) High pressure (100bar-1000bar)

這個(gè)壓力段屬于，工作壓力范圍是100bar-1000bar之間，水泵大多數(shù)是高壓往復(fù)泵。清洗對(duì)象通常是污染較為嚴(yán)重的污垢。

This pressure range is between 100bar and 1000bar, and most water pumps are high-pressure reciprocating pumps. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

3）超高壓（1000bar以上）

3) Ultra high pressure (above 1000bar)

工作壓力大于1000bar的清洗機(jī)可以稱為超，設(shè)備核心多為增壓器或者是超高壓往復(fù)泵。清洗對(duì)象通常是污染非常嚴(yán)重的污垢。

A cleaning machine with a working pressure greater than 1000bar can be called a super, and the core of the equipment is mostly a booster or an ultra-high pressure reciprocating pump. The cleaning object is usually heavily contaminated dirt.

剝離能力與工作壓力的關(guān)系如下：

The relationship between stripping ability and work pressure is as follows:

1）工作壓力100bar，可用于剝離淤泥和疏松的巖層。

1) The working pressure is 100bar, which can be used to remove silt and loose rock layers.

2）工作壓力210bar，可用于剝離輕度船舶垢污和輕度燃料油殘留物及鋁制散熱器及殼體。

2) The working pressure is 210bar, which can be used to remove mild ship dirt and mild fuel oil residue, as well as aluminum radiators and shells.

3）工作壓力320bar，可用于剝離普通衍生物、砂石和泥石層、疏松的混凝土、輕度熱軋鋼淀氧化層及疏松的漆層和銹層。

3) The working pressure is 320bar, which can be used to peel off ordinary derivatives, sand and debris layers, loose concrete, mild hot-rolled steel lake oxidation layers, and loose paint and rust layers.

4）工作壓力400-700bar，可用于剝離管內(nèi)混凝土、鑄鐵件模型、跑道除膠、輕基石灰石、石子層及焦油沉積物和常見(jiàn)石化垢層。

4) The working pressure is 400-700bar, which can be used to peel off the concrete inside the pipe, cast iron model, runway glue removal, lightweight limestone, gravel layer, tar deposits, and common petrochemical scale layers.

5）工作壓力700-1050bar，可用于混凝土切割和剝離厚漆層、石灰石、大量熱軋鋼錠氧化皮矽土型芯、燃燒碳沉積物及厚層煤渣。

5) The working pressure is 700-1050bar, which can be used for concrete cutting and peeling thick paint layers, limestone, a large amount of hot rolled steel ingot oxide skin silica core, combustion carbon deposits, and thick coal slag.

6）工作壓力1000-2100bar，可用于剝離花崗石、大理石、石灰?guī)r、船舶的環(huán)氧基漆以及鉛板、鋁板橡膠、冷凍食品等的切割。

6) The working pressure is 1000-2100bar, which can be used to peel granite, marble, limestone, epoxy paint of ships, and cut lead plate, aluminum plate rubber, frozen food, etc.

二、實(shí)際流量

2、 Actual traffic

清洗作業(yè)時(shí)的實(shí)際流量一般取決于原始的額定流量，計(jì)算時(shí)可以采用以下公式：

The actual flow rate during cleaning operations generally depends on the original rated flow rate, and the following formula can be used for calculation:

公式（1）中U—流量，m/s；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa；ρ—液流密度，kg/m?。

In formula (1), U - flow rate, m/s; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa; ρ— Liquid flow density, kg/m?.

三、載荷面所受的打擊力

3、 Impact force on the load surface

高壓水射流連續(xù)打擊平坦表面時(shí)，載荷面所受的打擊力F的經(jīng)驗(yàn)計(jì)算公式如下：

The empirical formula for calculating the impact force F on the load surface when a high-pressure water jet continuously strikes a flat surface is as follows:

公式（2）中F—載荷面所受打擊力，Ν；Α—噴嘴的截面積，m?；Ρ—工作壓力，MPa。

In formula (2), F - the impact force on the load surface, Ν；Α— The cross-sectional area of the nozzle, m?; Ρ— Working pressure, MPa.

四、噴射距離

4、 Spray distance

高壓水射流噴射距離是指噴嘴到清洗表面的距離，它的大小對(duì)清洗質(zhì)量有很大的影響。當(dāng)噴射距離增大時(shí)，高壓水射流到被清洗表面的擴(kuò)散程度會(huì)增大，也是說(shuō)增大了射流功率的損失。而當(dāng)噴射距離減小時(shí)，單位時(shí)間內(nèi)除垢面積也會(huì)隨之減小。所以，如果噴射距離過(guò)大或者過(guò)小都會(huì)降低清洗效率。經(jīng)過(guò)試驗(yàn)證明，一般機(jī)體表面油船類的清洗，噴射距離在（150-300）D范圍內(nèi)比較好。其中D是噴嘴的出口直徑。

The high-pressure water jet spraying distance refers to the distance from the nozzle to the cleaning surface, and its size has a significant impact on the cleaning quality. When the spraying distance increases, the diffusion degree of high-pressure water jet to the cleaned surface will increase, which also increases the loss of jet power. When the spraying distance decreases, the scale removal area per unit time also decreases. So, if the spraying distance is too large or too small, it will reduce the cleaning efficiency. After testing, it has been proven that for the cleaning of oil tankers on the surface of the general engine body, the spraying distance is relatively good within the range of (150-300) D. Where D is the outlet diameter of the nozzle.

五、入射角

5、 Incidence angle

根據(jù)試驗(yàn)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)表明，清洗油脂表面時(shí)，入射角為17度合適。

According to experimental and empirical data, it is appropriate to have an incidence angle of 17 degrees when cleaning the oil surface.

根據(jù)以上實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，說(shuō)明了針對(duì)不同工業(yè)清洗的對(duì)象，要選擇合適的參數(shù)，才能實(shí)現(xiàn)更的除垢及清洗。以其特殊的優(yōu)點(diǎn)、操作的簡(jiǎn)便和對(duì)環(huán)境的無(wú)污染已經(jīng)受到越來(lái)越多企業(yè)的重視。

Based on the above experimental data, it is explained that for different industrial cleaning objects, it is necessary to choose appropriate parameters in order to achieve more efficient scale removal and cleaning. With its special advantages, easy operation, and no pollution to the environment, it has attracted more and more attention from enterprises.